In 1923, construction began on what planned community in Ohio that foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement?

• A. Riverside, Illinois
• B. Seaside, Florida
• C. Mariemont, Ohio
• D. Columbia, Maryland

Answer: (C)

Planned communities that prioritize a village center, walkable streets, and mixed-use design foreshadow later urbanism movements that emphasize people over cars. In 1923, construction began on Mariemont, Ohio, a thoughtfully laid-out community near Cincinnati designed by John Nolen. Its layout placed homes, shops, and civic buildings around a central, pedestrian-friendly core and linked streets in a way that encouraged walking and community interaction, embodying principles that New Urbanism would later formalize—compact, human-scale, and connected development with a clear town center. The other options reflect different places or eras: Riverside, Illinois is an earlier, pre-1923 example not in Ohio; Seaside, Florida and Columbia, Maryland were developed much later and do not fit the Ohio 1923 clue.